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Tear Osmolarity in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease

The Utility of Normal Tear Osmolarity Results

By: Christopher E. Starr, MD Hyperosmolarity is a well-established fundamental characteristic of dry eye disease (DED).1 When patients have dry eye symptoms, osmolarity testing is a logical step to confirm the diagnosis, but what does it mean when the tear osmolarity...
Analytic and clinical performance of two compact cholesterol-testing devices

TFOS DEWS II – Definition and Classification Report

Jennifer P. Craig, MCOptom, PhD, Kelly K. Nichols, OD, PhD, Esen K. Akpek, MD, Barbara Caffery, OD, PhD, Harminder S. Dua, MD, PhD, Choun-Ki Joo, MD, PhD, Zuguo Liu, MD, PhD, J. Daniel Nelson, MD, Jason J. Nichols, OD, PhD, Kazuo Tsubota, MD, PhD, Fiona Stapleton,...